Community Planning through Land Rearrangement in Hino City
Hiroshi Kagawa: Land Rearrangement Division, Community Planning Department
of Hino City
Land rearrangement project was started by the establishment of Land
Rearrangement Act in 1954. This law allowed for city improvement without
inhabitants' relocation. The project is characterized by land substitution
and reduction of site area. The latter is divided into two types: public
reduction of site area for constructing roads or parks, and reduction
of site area for reservation to ensure project expenses. Both will
not be possible without cooperation of land owners offering their lands.
In order to secure the minimum level of living environment, city can
not force the reduction for at least 130m2 of land area. For the area
of 100 tsubo and smaller, reduction can be mitigated. For a project
including public facilities such as roads, subsidy from national treasury
is provided. If the project does not include public facilities, project
fee is at the city's expense. Subsidy is also provided for association
activities. The fee obtained by disposal of reserved areas is given
to project expenses. Without subsidy, reduction of site area will be
imposed more strictly. In Hino City, the first land rearrangement of
133ha was implemented for development of Tamadaira Danchi in 1957.
The first land rearrangement directed by the city was for Hirayamadai
(128ha). 680ha for 17 sites were completed; sites in process are 294ha
including 4 sites by the city, and another 4 sites by the association.
As the population was rapidly increased around 1961, the area was changed
into bedroom suburbs; therefore terraces and hills were developed in
small scale. Land rearrangement project for road maintenance and area-based
improvement were promoted.
The land rearrangement for Hino City has four themes: 1) community
planning suitable for station square; 2) community planning with agriculture;
3) community planning using waterfront; 4) community planning in harmony
with Tama Monorail. The theme 1) is for Toyoda Minami area (87ha),
with project expense of about 44 billion yen. The plan includes construction
of square in front of the station, conservation of Kurokawa aqueduct,
groundwater below the cliff line, and Toyoda irrigation channel with
minor change of the flow. As for theme 2), the target area will be
Nishi-Hirayama, Tokoji-ue No.1 and No.2, etc. The farmlands within
the urban area of Hino were 219ha in 2003, including productive greens
of 138ha. The Tokoji-ue retains farmlands and reserved areas. The concept
of farmers' market has also been prepared. As for theme 3), the target
areas include Ochikawa, Mogusa-eki-kita, Shinmachi, etc. In Ochikawa,
the waterways and park were innovated in an integrated manner. In Shinmachi,
the paddy fields and park were also integrally innovated. The target
area of theme 4) was Manganji and Takahata. The site for monorail was
secured through road expansion and land rearrangement. The area around
Manganji station has been commercialized after the construction of
the station. But I think that a deep aqueduct with three-sided concrete
surfaces built through land rearrangement should have been more reviewed.
It is said that land rearrangement reduces paddy fields; however, one
of major causes is the lack of successors. If no successors, farmlands
cannot be conserved no matter how we wish.
For the land rearrangement of Kawabe-Horinouchi, an association has
been established. We wish to obtain the approval in March, 2008. The
urban planning roads are also planned, for which small-scale development
has been already started. Narrow roads will be widened, while bamboo
forests will be conserved. At present, 9ha of productive green area
exist within the city. Toyodo Irrigation Channel will be conserved
except for the part overlapped by the urban planning road.
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"Teaching Materials using Community's Resources:
Irrigation Channels of Hino"
Katsunobu Kosaka (Teacher, Hino Shiritsu Daiyon Shogakko (Forth Elementary
School of Hino City)
The landscape of Toyoda Irrigation Channel reminds me of old townscape
of Tachikawa Shibazaki. I was interested in the area, so I asked to move
to an elementary school in Hino City from Tachikawa. I organized "Yosui
no Kai (Group for Irrigation Channels)" with another four elementary
school teachers in 1998, and started to use these channels as teaching
tools. It was the first time that irrigation channels were used as such
tools in Hino. In the first year, we conducted actual condition survey
of irrigation channels, through walking, taking pictures, hearing about
waterways. We also collected ancient documents and maps. We positioned
Hino Irrigation Channel as the development theme of Tamagawa Aqueduct
in social studies. In the second year, we started to make teaching materials
on Hino Irrigation Channel for social studies and other courses, because
students got interested in living creatures. It was one of the first
efforts of integrated study. In the third year, we tried to introduce
experience study to get in close with, consider, conserve, and utilize
irrigation channels. In the forth and fifth years, we cooperated in the
edition of learning material for children ( "Play with Irrigation
Channels" 「用水であそぼ！」) made by clean waterways section of the city.
The materials have been distributed to schools, though not all of the
schools utilize them.
There are four points of the teaching material; 1) Irrigation channels
retained within the city reach 130km, characterizing the region. Hino
is designated as "water town (「水の郷」)" ; 2) Rich living
creatures in irrigation channels provide experiences to be close with
nature; 3) The history of irrigation channel (found in records of 1567
and from excavation of 8th century), supporting inhabitants should be
evaluated as cultural property; 4) At present, associations, civic activities,
and local administration are cooperated in conservation of irrigation
channels. Schools need to provide the original materials of each region
and school, as well as common education throughout the nation. It is
necessary for each school to develop regional materials and teaching
materials on these regional themes, to utilize educational facilities,
and to exchange with regional communities. People wish to conserve and
utilize Hino irrigation channels. Learning such activities is suited
for teaching material, fostering the awareness for children on their
home town. Responding to the integrated study introduced in 2002, we
modified materials.
I will outline the teaching plan in Seventh Elementary School of Hino
City. The flow of the class is: 1) Preparing issues for introduction;
2) Surveying the issues; 3) Summarizing and making presentation. For
more details, in step 1), we walked into the irrigation channels to catch
fishes and crawfish; explored Toyoda Irrigation Channel; checked distribution
of water toward paddy fields, and pollution of upstream and downstream;
and expanded temporal and spatial points of view from old pictures and
maps. For step 2), we parted groups by issue, to conduct survey; hearings
on experiences of catching fish, history and utilization of irrigation
channels were made. Pack test was also conducted. Cleaning of irrigation
channels with parents was also realized. For step 3), we reviewed various
ways of presentation for each issue; e.g., using simili papers, OHPs,
paper clays, real thing, acting, etc. Lastly, I noticed that teaching
materials for children are limited, corresponding to the low interest
of adults. Currently, it became difficult for teachers to deal with irrigation
channels in school classes even if they are interested in. Naturally,
the situation differs in each district within Hino. For example, clean
upstream of Hino irrigation channel attracts interests from Tokoji Elementary
School, while polluted downstream could not attract enough interests
from schools around.
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